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4.1 Server Units
4.1.1 Signature
web-server^
serve
serve-ports
4.1.2 Unit
web-server@
4.2 Configuration Units
4.2.1 Signature
web-config^
max-waiting
virtual-hosts
initial-connection-timeout
port
listen-ip
make-servlet-namespace
4.2.2 Unit
configuration-table->web-config@
configuration-table-sexpr->web-config@
4.3 Configuration Table
default-configuration-table-path
configuration-table-sexpr?
sexpr->configuration-table
configuration-table->sexpr
read-configuration-table
write-configuration-table
4.4 Configuration Table Structure
configuration-table
host-table
host
responders
messages
timeouts
paths
4.5 Standard Responders
file-response
servlet-loading-responder
gen-servlet-not-found
servlet-error-responder
gen-servlet-responder
gen-servlets-refreshed
gen-passwords-refreshed
gen-authentication-responder
gen-protocol-responder
gen-file-not-found-responder
gen-collect-garbage-responder

4 Web Servers

A Web server is a unit with the web-server^ signature. The most common way to construct one is to provide a web-config^ unit to the web-server@ unit. The most common way to construct a web-config^ unit is to use configuration-table->web-config@ to produce one from a configuration table file, such as the one that is shipped with Racket in default-configuration-table-path.

4.1 Server Units

web-server^ : signature

(serve)  (-> void)
Runs the server and returns a procedure that shuts down the server.

(serve-ports ip op)  void
  ip : input-port?
  op : output-port?
Serves a single connection represented by the ports ip and op.

web-server@ : 
(unit/c (web-config^ tcp^)
        (web-server^))
Uses the web-config^ to construct a dispatcher/c function that sets up one virtual host dispatcher, for each virtual host in the web-config^, that sequences the following operations:

  • Logs the incoming request with the given format to the given file

  • Performs HTTP Basic Authentication with the given password file

  • Allows the "/conf/refresh-passwords" URL to refresh the password file.

  • Allows the "/conf/collect-garbage" URL to call the garbage collector.

  • Allows the "/conf/refresh-servlets" URL to refresh the servlets cache.

  • Execute servlets in the mapping URLs to the given servlet root directory under htdocs.

  • Serves files under the "/" URL in the given htdocs directory.

Using this dispatcher/c, it loads a dispatching server that provides serve and serve-ports functions that operate as expected.

4.2 Configuration Units

web-config^ : signature
Provides contains the following identifiers.

Passed to tcp-accept.

Contains the configuration of individual virtual hosts.

Specifies the initial timeout given to a connection.

Specifies the port to serve HTTP on.

Passed to tcp-listen.

(configuration-table->web-config@ 
  path 
  [#:port port 
  #:listen-ip listen-ip 
  #:make-servlet-namespace make-servlet-namespace]) 
  (unit/c (import) (export web-config^))
  path : path-string?
  port : (or/c false/c port-number?) = #f
  listen-ip : (or/c false/c string?) = #f
  make-servlet-namespace : make-servlet-namespace/c
   = (make-make-servlet-namespace)
Reads the S-expression at path and calls configuration-table-sexpr->web-config@ appropriately.

(configuration-table-sexpr->web-config@ 
  sexpr 
  [#:web-server-root web-server-root 
  #:port port 
  #:listen-ip listen-ip 
  #:make-servlet-namespace make-servlet-namespace]) 
  (unit/c (import) (export web-config^))
  sexpr : list?
  web-server-root : path-string?
   = (directory-part default-configuration-table-path)
  port : (or/c false/c port-number?) = #f
  listen-ip : (or/c false/c string?) = #f
  make-servlet-namespace : make-servlet-namespace/c
   = (make-make-servlet-namespace)
Parses sexpr as a configuration-table and constructs a web-config^ unit.

4.3 Configuration Table

This module provides functions for reading, writing, parsing, and printing configuration-table structures.

The default configuration table S-expression file.

Equivalent to list?.

This function converts a configuration-table from an S-expression.

This function converts a configuration-table to an S-expression.

  `((port ,integer?)
    (max-waiting ,exact-integer?)
    (initial-connection-timeout ,integer?)
    (default-host-table
      ,host-table-sexpr?)
    (virtual-host-table
     (list ,symbol? ,host-table-sexpr?)
     ...))
where a host-table-sexpr is:
  `(host-table
    (default-indices ,string? ...)
    (log-format ,symbol?)
    (messages
     (servlet-message ,path-string?)
     (authentication-message ,path-string?)
     (servlets-refreshed ,path-string?)
     (passwords-refreshed ,path-string?)
     (file-not-found-message ,path-string?)
     (protocol-message ,path-string?)
     (collect-garbage ,path-string?))
    (timeouts
     (default-servlet-timeout ,integer?)
     (password-connection-timeout ,integer?)
     (servlet-connection-timeout ,integer?)
     (file-per-byte-connection-timeout ,integer?)
     (file-base-connection-timeout ,integer))
    (paths
     (configuration-root ,path-string?)
     (host-root ,path-string?)
     (log-file-path ,path-string?)
     (file-root ,path-string?)
     (servlet-root ,path-string?)
     (mime-types ,path-string?)
     (password-authentication ,path-string?)))
In this syntax, the 'messages paths are relative to the 'configuration-root directory. All the paths in 'paths except for 'servlet-root are relative to 'host-root (other than 'host-root obviously.) The 'servlet-root path is relative to 'file-root.
Allowable 'log-formats are those accepted by log-format->format.
Note: You almost always want to leave everything in the 'paths section the default except the 'host-root.

This function reads a configuration-table from path.

(write-configuration-table ctable path)  void
  ctable : configuration-table?
  path : path-string?
This function writes a configuration-table to path.

4.4 Configuration Table Structure

This module provides the following structures that represent a standard configuration (see Server Units) of the Web Server . The contracts on this structure influence the valid types of values in the configuration table S-expression file format described in Configuration Table.
(struct configuration-table (port
    max-waiting
    initial-connection-timeout
    default-host
    virtual-hosts)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-configuration-table)
  port : port-number?
  max-waiting : natural-number/c
  initial-connection-timeout : natural-number/c
  default-host : host-table?
  virtual-hosts : (listof (cons/c string? host-table?))
(struct host-table (indices log-format messages timeouts paths)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-host-table)
  indices : (listof string?)
  log-format : symbol?
  messages : messages?
  timeouts : timeouts?
  paths : paths?
(struct host (indices
    log-format
    log-path
    passwords
    responders
    timeouts
    paths)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-host)
  indices : (listof string?)
  log-format : symbol?
  log-path : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  passwords : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  responders : responders?
  timeouts : timeouts?
  paths : paths?
(struct responders (servlet
    servlet-loading
    authentication
    servlets-refreshed
    passwords-refreshed
    file-not-found
    protocol
    collect-garbage)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-responders)
  servlet : (url? any/c . -> . response?)
  servlet-loading : (url? any/c . -> . response?)
  authentication : (url? (cons/c symbol? string?) . -> . response?)
  servlets-refreshed : (-> response?)
  passwords-refreshed : (-> response?)
  file-not-found : (request? . -> . response?)
  protocol : (url? . -> . response?)
  collect-garbage : (-> response?)
(struct messages (servlet
    authentication
    servlets-refreshed
    passwords-refreshed
    file-not-found
    protocol
    collect-garbage)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-messages)
  servlet : string?
  authentication : string?
  servlets-refreshed : string?
  passwords-refreshed : string?
  file-not-found : string?
  protocol : string?
  collect-garbage : string?
(struct timeouts (default-servlet
    password
    servlet-connection
    file-per-byte
    file-base)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-timeouts)
  default-servlet : number?
  password : number?
  servlet-connection : number?
  file-per-byte : number?
  file-base : number?
(struct paths (conf
    host-base
    log
    htdocs
    servlet
    mime-types
    passwords)
  #:extra-constructor-name make-paths)
  conf : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  host-base : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  log : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  htdocs : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  servlet : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  mime-types : (or/c false/c path-string?)
  passwords : (or/c false/c path-string?)

4.5 Standard Responders

This module provides some functions that help constructing HTTP responders. These functions are used by the default dispatcher constructor (see Server Units) to turn the paths given in the configuration-table into responders for the associated circumstance.

(file-response http-code    
  short-version    
  text-file    
  header ...)  response?
  http-code : natural-number/c
  short-version : string?
  text-file : string?
  header : header?
Generates a response? with the given http-code and short-version as the corresponding fields; with the content of the text-file as the body; and, with the headers as, you guessed it, headers.

This does not cause redirects to a well-known URL, such as "conf/not-found.html", but rather use the contents of "not-found.html" (for example) as its contents. Therefore, any relative URLs in text-file are relative to whatever URL file-response is used to respond to. Thus, you should probably use absolute URLs in these files.

(servlet-loading-responder url exn)  response?
  url : url?
  exn : exn?
Gives exn to the current-error-handler and response with a stack trace and a "Servlet didn’t load" message.

(gen-servlet-not-found file)  ((url url?) . -> . response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates a standard "Servlet not found." error with content from file.

(servlet-error-responder url exn)  response?
  url : url?
  exn : exn?
Gives exn to the current-error-handler and response with a stack trace and a "Servlet error" message.

(gen-servlet-responder file)
  ((url url?) (exn any/c) . -> . response?)
  file : path-string?
Prints the exn to standard output and responds with a "Servlet error." message with content from file.

(gen-servlets-refreshed file)  (-> response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates a standard "Servlet cache refreshed." message with content from file.

(gen-passwords-refreshed file)  (-> response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates a standard "Passwords refreshed." message with content from file.

(gen-authentication-responder file)
  ((url url?) (header header?) . -> . response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates an authentication failure error with content from file and header as the HTTP header.

(gen-protocol-responder file)  ((url url?) . -> . response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates a "Malformed request" error with content from file.

(gen-file-not-found-responder file)
  ((req request?) . -> . response?)
  file : path-string?
Returns a function that generates a standard "File not found" error with content from file.

Returns a function that generates a standard "Garbage collection run" message with content from file.