4 Splay Trees

Version: 5.1

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4 Splay Trees

Ryan Culpepper <ryanc@racket-lang.org>

(require data/splay-tree)

Splay trees are an efficient data structure for mutable dictionaries with totally ordered keys. They were described in the paper “Self-Adjusting Binary Search Trees” by Daniel Sleator and Robert Tarjan in Journal of the ACM 32(3) pp652-686.

A splay-tree is a ordered dictionary (dict? and ordered-dict?).

(make-splay-tree	[	ord
		#:key-contract key-contract
		#:value-contract value-contract])		→		splay-tree?

ord : order? = datum-order

key-contract : contract? = any/c

value-contract : contract? = any/c

Makes a new empty splay-tree. The splay tree uses ord to order keys; in addition, the domain contract of ord is combined with key-contract to check keys.

Examples:
  > (define splay-tree
      (make-splay-tree (order 'string-order string? string=? string<?)))
  > (splay-tree-set! splay-tree "dot" 10)
  > (splay-tree-set! splay-tree "cherry" 500)
  > (dict-map splay-tree list)
  '(("cherry" 500) ("dot" 10))
  > (splay-tree-ref splay-tree "dot")
  10
  > (splay-tree-remove! splay-tree "cherry")
  > (splay-tree-count splay-tree)
  1
  > (splay-tree-set! splay-tree 'pear 3)
  contract violation: expected <string?>, given: 'pear
    contract on splay-tree-set! from
      (file
       /var/tmp/racket/collects/data/splay-tree.rkt)
    blaming top-level
    contract:
      (->i
       ((s splay-tree?) (key (s) ...) (v (s) ...))
       (_r void?))
    at: <collects>/data/splay-tree.rkt:1112.2

(make-adjustable-splay-tree	[	#:key-contract key-contract
		#:value-contract value-contract])

→ splay-tree?

key-contract : contract? = any/c

value-contract : contract? = any/c

Makes a new empty splay-tree that permits only exact integers as keys (in addition to any constraints imposed by key-contract). The resulting splay tree answers true to adjustable-splay-tree? and supports efficient key adjustment.

Examples:
  > (define splay-tree (make-adjustable-splay-tree))
  > (splay-tree-set! splay-tree 3 'apple)
  > (splay-tree-set! splay-tree 6 'cherry)
  > (dict-map splay-tree list)
  '((3 apple) (6 cherry))
  > (splay-tree-ref splay-tree 3)
  'apple
  > (splay-tree-remove! splay-tree 6)
  > (splay-tree-count splay-tree)
  1

(splay-tree? x) → boolean?

x : any/c

Returns #t if x is a splay-tree, #f otherwise.

(adjustable-splay-tree? x) → boolean?

x : any/c

Returns #t if x is a splay-tree that supports key adjustment; see splay-tree-contract! and splay-tree-expand!.

(splay-tree-ref s key [default]) → any

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

default : any/c = (lambda () (error ....))

(splay-tree-set! s key value) → void?

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

value : any/c

(splay-tree-remove! s key) → void?

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

(splay-tree-count s) → exact-nonnegative-integer?

s : splay-tree?

(splay-tree-iterate-first s) → (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

(splay-tree-iterate-next s iter) → (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

iter : splay-tree-iter?

(splay-tree-iterate-key s iter) → any/c

s : splay-tree?

iter : splay-tree-iter?

(splay-tree-iterate-value s iter) → any/c

s : splay-tree?

iter : splay-tree-iter?

Implementations of dict-ref, dict-set!, dict-remove!, dict-count, dict-iterate-first, dict-iterate-next, dict-iterate-key, and dict-iterate-value, respectively.

(splay-tree-remove-range! s from to) → void?

s : splay-tree?

from : any/c

to : any/c

Removes all keys in [from, to); that is, all keys greater than or equal to from and less than to.

This operation takes O(N) time, or O(log N) time if (adjustable-splay-tree? s).

(splay-tree-contract! s from to) → void?

s : adjustable-splay-tree?

from : exact-integer?

to : exact-integer?

Like splay-tree-remove-range!, but also decreases the value of all keys greater than or equal to to by (- to from).

This operation is only allowed on adjustable splay trees, and it takes O(log N) time.

(splay-tree-expand! s from to) → void?

s : adjustable-splay-tree?

from : exact-integer?

to : exact-integer?

Increases the value of all keys greater than or equal to from by (- to from).

This operation is only allowed on adjustable splay trees, and it takes O(log N) time.

(splay-tree-iterate-least s) → (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree

(splay-tree-iterate-greatest s) → (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree

(splay-tree-iterate-least/>? s key) → (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

(splay-tree-iterate-least/>=? s key)

→ (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

(splay-tree-iterate-greatest/<? s key)

→ (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

(splay-tree-iterate-greatest/<=? s key)

→ (or/c #f splay-tree-iter?)

s : splay-tree?

key : any/c

Implementations of dict-iterate-least, dict-iterate-greatest, dict-iterate-least/>?, dict-iterate-least/>=?, dict-iterate-greatest/<?, and dict-iterate-greatest/<=?, respectively.

(splay-tree-iter? x) → boolean?

x : any/c

Returns #t if x represents a position in a splay-tree, #f otherwise.

(splay-tree->list s) → (listof pair?)

s : splay-tree?

Returns an association list with the keys and values of s, in order.

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