12.1.10 More Port Constructors, Procedures, and Events
12.1.10.1 Port String and List Conversions
Returns a list whose elements are produced by calling
r
on
in until it produces
eof.
Reads all characters from in and returns them as a string.
Reads all bytes from
in and returns them as a
byte string.
Read all characters from
in, breaking them into lines. The
line-mode argument is the same as the second argument to
read-line, but the default is
'any instead of
'linefeed.
Example: |
|
'("line 1" "line 2" " line 3" "line 4") |
Example: |
|
'(#"line 1" #"line 2" #" line 3" #"line 4") |
Use
display to each each element of
lst to
out, adding
separator after each element.
Calls proc with an output port that accumulates all output
into a string, and returns the string.
The port passed to proc is like the one created by
open-output-string, except that it is wrapped via
dup-output-port, so that proc cannot access the
port’s content using get-output-string. If control jumps back
into proc, the port continues to accumulate new data, and
call-with-output-string returns both the old data and newly
accumulated data.
Like
call-with-output-string, but returns accumulated results
in a
byte string instead of a string. Furthermore, the port’s
content is emptied when
call-with-output-bytes returns, so
that if control jumps back into
proc and returns a second
time, only the newly accumulated bytes are returned.
Equivalent to
Equivalent to
Equivalent to
Equivalent to
12.1.10.2 Creating Ports
Takes any number of input ports and returns an input port. Reading
from the input port draws bytes (and special non-byte values) from the
given input ports in order. If close-at-eof? is true, then
each port is closed when an end-of-file is encountered from the port,
or when the result input port is closed. Otherwise, data not read from
the returned input port remains available for reading in its original
input port.
See also merge-input, which interleaves data from multiple
input ports as it becomes available.
Similar to
make-input-port, but if the given
read-in
returns an event, the event’s value must be
0. The resulting
port’s peek operation is implemented automatically (in terms of
read-in) in a way that can handle special non-byte
values. The progress-event and commit operations are also implemented
automatically. The resulting port is thread-safe, but not kill-safe
(i.e., if a thread is terminated or suspended while using the port,
the port may become damaged).
The read-in, close, get-location,
count-lines!, init-position, and
buffer-mode procedures are the same as for
make-input-port.
The fast-peek argument can be either #f or a
procedure of three arguments: a byte string to receive a peek, a skip
count, and a procedure of two arguments. The fast-peek
procedure can either implement the requested peek, or it can dispatch
to its third argument to implement the peek. The fast-peek is
not used when a peek request has an associated progress event.
The buffering? argument determines whether read-in
can be called to read more characters than are immediately demanded by
the user of the new port. If buffer-mode is not #f,
then buffering? determines the initial buffer mode, and
buffering? is enabled after a buffering change only if the
new mode is 'block.
If on-consumed is not #f, it is called when data is
read from the port, as opposed to merely peeked. The argument to
on-consumed is the result value of the port’s reading
procedure, so it can be an integer or any result from
read-in.
Returns a port whose content is drawn from in, but where an
end-of-file is reported after limit bytes (and non-byte
special values) are read. If close-orig? is true, then the
original port is closed if the returned port is closed.
Bytes are consumed from in only when they are consumed from
the returned port. In particular, peeking into the returned port peeks
into the original port.
If in is used directly while the resulting port is also used,
then the limit bytes provided by the port need not be
contiguous parts of the original port’s stream.
Returns two ports: an input port and an output port. The ports behave
like those returned by
make-pipe, except that the ports
support non-byte values written with procedures such as
write-special and read with procedures such as
get-byte-or-special.
The limit argument determines the maximum capacity of the
pipe in bytes, but this limit is disabled if special values are
written to the pipe before limit is reached. The limit is
re-enabled after the special value is read from the pipe.
The optional in-name and out-name arguments
determine the names of the result ports.
Accepts two input ports and returns a new input port. The new port
merges the data from two original ports, so data can be read from the
new port whenever it is available from either original port. The data
from the original ports are interleaved. When an end-of-file has been
read from an original port, it no longer contributes characters to the
new port. After an end-of-file has been read from both original ports,
the new port returns end-of-file. Closing the merged port does not
close the original ports.
The optional buffer-limit argument limits the number of bytes
to be buffered from a-in and b-in, so that the merge
process does not advance arbitrarily beyond the rate of consumption of
the merged data. A #f value disables the limit. As for
make-pipe-with-specials, buffer-limit does not apply
when a special value is produced by one of the input ports before the
limit is reached.
See also input-port-append, which concatenates input streams
instead of interleaving them.
Creates and returns an output port that discards all output sent to it
(without blocking). The
name argument is used as the port’s
name. If the
special-ok? argument is true, then the
resulting port supports
write-special, otherwise it does not.
Returns an input port whose content is determined by peeking into
in. In other words, the resulting port contains an internal
skip count, and each read of the port peeks into in with the
internal skip count, and then increments the skip count according to
the amount of data successfully peeked.
The optional name argument is the name of the resulting
port. The skip argument is the port initial skip count, and
it defaults to 0.
Produces an input port that draws bytes from
in, but converts
the byte stream using
(bytes-open-converter encoding-str "UTF-8"). In addition, if
convert-newlines? is true, then
decoded sequences that correspond to UTF-8 encodings of
"\r\n",
"\r\u0085",
"\r",
"\u0085", and
"\u2028"
are all converted to the UTF-8 encoding of
"\n".
If error-bytes is provided and not #f, then the
given byte sequence is used in place of bytes from in that
trigger conversion errors. Otherwise, if a conversion is encountered,
enc-error is called, which must raise an exception.
If close? is true, then closing the result input port also
closes in. The name argument is used as the name of
the result input port.
In non-buffered mode, the resulting input port attempts to draw bytes
from in only as needed to satisfy requests. Toward that end,
the input port assumes that at least n bytes must be read to
satisfy a request for n bytes. (This is true even if the port
has already drawn some bytes, as long as those bytes form an
incomplete encoding sequence.)
Produces an output port that directs bytes to
out, but
converts its byte stream using
(bytes-open-converter "UTF-8" encoding-str). In addition, if
newline-bytes is not
#f, then byets written to the port that are the UTF-8
encoding of
"\n" are first converted to
newline-bytes (before applying the convert from UTF-8 to
encoding-str).
If error-bytes is provided and not #f, then the
given byte sequence is used in place of bytes send to the output port
that trigger conversion errors. Otherwise, enc-error is
called, which must raise an exception.
If close? is true, then closing the result output port also
closes out. The name argument is used as the name of
the result output port.
The resulting port supports buffering, and the initial buffer mode is
(or (file-stream-buffer-mode out) 'block). In 'block
mode, the port’s buffer is flushed only when it is full or a flush is
requested explicitly. In 'line mode, the buffer is flushed
whenever a newline or carriage-return byte is written to the port. In
'none mode, the port’s buffer is flushed after every write.
Implicit flushes for 'line or 'none leave bytes in
the buffer when they are part of an incomplete encoding sequence.
The resulting output port does not support atomic writes. An explicit
flush or special-write to the output port can hang if the most
recently written bytes form an incomplete encoding sequence.
Returns an input port that draws directly from in. Closing
the resulting port closes in only if close? is
#t.
The new port is initialized with the port read handler of
in, but setting the handler on the result port does not
affect reading directly from in.
Returns an output port that propagates data directly to
out. Closing the resulting port closes out only if
close? is #t.
The new port is initialized with the port display handler and
port write handler of out, but setting the handlers on
the result port does not affect writing directly to out.
Produces an input port that is equivalent to in except in how
it reports location information. The resulting port’s content starts
with the remaining content of in, and it starts at the given
line, column, and position. A #f for the line or column means
that the line and column will always be reported as #f.
The line and column values are used only if line
counting is enabled for in and for the resulting port,
typically through port-count-lines!. The column
value determines the column for the first line (i.e., the one numbered
line), and later lines start at column 0. The given
position is used even if line counting is not enabled.
When line counting is on for the resulting port, reading from
in instead of the resulting port increments location reports
from the resulting port. Otherwise, the resulting port’s position does
not increment when data is read from in.
If close? is true, then closing the resulting port also
closes in. If close? is #f, then closing
the resulting port does not close in.
Like
relocate-input-port, except that arbitrary position
information can be produced (when line counting is enabled) via
get-location, which used as for
make-input-port. If
get-location is
#f, then the port counts lines in
the usual way starting from
init-pos, independent of
locations reported by
in.
If count-lines! is supplied, it is called when line counting
is enabled for the resulting port. The default is void.
Creates a port that draws from
in, but each result from the
port’s read and peek procedures (in the sense of
make-input-port)
is filtered by
read-wrap and
peek-wrap. The filtering procedures each receive both the
arguments and results of the read and peek procedures on
in
for each call.
If close? is true, then closing the resulting port also
closes in.
Produces an input port that that is equivalent to
in, except
that when
in produces a procedure to access a special value,
proc is applied to the procedure to allow the special value
to be replaced with an alternative. The
proc is called with
the special-value procedure and the byte string that was given to the
port’s read or peek function (see
make-input-port), and the
result is used as te read or peek function’s result. The
proc can modify the byte string to substitute a byte for the
special value, but the byte string is guaranteed only to hold at least
one byte.
If close? is true, then closing the resulting input port also
closes in.
12.1.10.3 Port Events
Returns a
synchronizable event is that is ready when
in produces an
eof. If
in produces a
mid-stream
eof, the
eof is consumed by the event
only if the event is chosen in a synchronization.
Returns a
synchronizable event is that is ready when
k
bytes can be read from
in, or when an end-of-file is
encountered in
in. If
k is
0, then the
event is ready immediately with
"". For non-zero
k,
if no bytes are available before an end-of-file, the event’s result is
eof. Otherwise the event’s result is a byte string of up to
k bytes, which contains as many bytes as are available (up to
k) before an available end-of-file. (The result is a byte
string on less than
k bytes only when an end-of-file is
encountered.)
Bytes are read from the port if and only if the event is chosen in a
synchronization, and the returned bytes always represent contiguous
bytes in the port’s stream.
The event can be synchronized multiple times—event
concurrently—and each synchronization corresponds to a distinct read
request.
The in must support progress events, and it must not produce
a special non-byte value during the read attempt.
Like
read-bytes-evt, except that the read bytes are placed
into
bstr, and the number of bytes to read corresponds to
(bytes-length bstr). The event’s result is either
eof or the number of read bytes.
The bstr may be mutated any time after the first
synchronization attempt on the event. If the event is not synchronized
multiple times concurrently, bstr-bytes is never mutated by
the event after it is chosen in a synchronization (no matter how many
synchronization attempts preceded the choice). Thus, the event may be
sensibly used multiple times until a successful choice, but should not
be used in multiple concurrent synchronizations.
Like
read-bytes!-evt, except that the event reads only as
many bytes as are immediately available, after at least one byte or
one
eof becomes available.
Like
read-bytes-evt, but for character strings instead of
byte strings.
Returns a
synchronizable event that is ready when a line of
characters or end-of-file can be read from
inport. The
meaning of
mode is the same as for
read-line. The
event result is the read line of characters (not including the line
separator).
A line is read from the port if and only if the event is chosen in a
synchronization, and the returned line always represents contiguous
bytes in the port’s stream.
Like
read-line-evt, but returns a byte string instead of a
string.
Like the read-...-evt functions, but for peeking. The
skip argument indicates the number of bytes to skip, and
progress indicates an event that effectively cancels the peek
(so that the event never becomes ready). The progress
argument can be #f, in which case the event is never
cancelled.
Returns a
synchronizable event that is ready when
pattern matches the stream of bytes/characters from
in; see also
regexp-match. The event’s value is the
result of the match, in the same form as the result of
regexp-match.
If pattern does not require a start-of-stream match, then
bytes skipped to complete the match are read and discarded when the
event is chosen in a synchronization.
Bytes are read from the port if and only if the event is chosen in a
synchronization, and the returned match always represents contiguous
bytes in the port’s stream. If not-yet-available bytes from the port
might contribute to the match, the event is not ready. Similarly, if
pattern begins with a start-of-stream ^ and the
pattern does not initially match, then the event cannot
become ready until bytes have been read from the port.
The event can be synchronized multiple times—even concurrently—and
each synchronization corresponds to a distinct match request.
The in port must support progress events. If in
returns a special non-byte value during the match attempt, it is
treated like eof.
12.1.10.4 Copying Streams
Reads data from
in, converts it using
(bytes-open-converter from-encoding-string to-encoding-string) and writes the converted bytes to
out. The
convert-stream procedure returns after
reaching
eof in
in.
If opening the converter fails, the exn:fail exception is raised. Similarly, if
a conversion error occurs at any point while reading in, then
exn:fail exception is raised.
Reads data from
in and writes it back out to
out,
returning when
in produces
eof. The copy is
efficient, and it is without significant buffer delays (i.e., a byte
that becomes available on
in is immediately transferred to
out, even if future reads on
in must block). If
in produces a special non-byte value, it is transferred to
out using
write-special.
This function is often called from a “background” thread to
continuously pump data from one stream to another.
If multiple outs are provided, case data from in is
written to every out. The different outs block
output to each other, because each block of data read from in
is written completely to one out before moving to the next
out. The outs are written in the provided order, so
non-blocking ports (e.g., to a file) should be placed first in the
argument list.