▼Unstable:   May Change Without Warning
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option/  c
exercise-option
transfer/  c
waive-option
tweak-option
has-option?
has-option-with-contract?
invariant/  c
6.2
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20 Option Contracts

This library is unstable; compatibility will not be maintained. See Unstable: May Change Without Warning for more information.

 (require unstable/options)
  package: unstable-options-lib

This module introduces option contracts, a flavor of behavioral software contracts. With option contracts developers control in a programmatic manner whether, when, and how often contracts are checked. Using this flavor of contracts, Racketeers can mimic any compiler flag system but also create run-time informed checking systems.

procedure

(option/c c    
  [#:with-contract with    
  #:tester tester    
  #:invariant invariant    
  #:immutable immutable    
  #:flat? flat?    
  #:struct struct-id]) → contract?
  c : contract?
  with : boolean? = #f
  tester : (or/c (-> any boolean?) 'dont-care) = 'dont-care
  invariant : (or/c (-> any boolean?) 'dont-care) = 'dont-care
  immutable : (or/c #t #f 'dont-care) = 'dont-care
  flat? : boolean? = #f
  struct-id : (or/c identifier? 'none) = 'none
Returns a contract that recognizes vectors or hashes or instances of struct struct-id. The data structure must match c and pass the tester.

When an option/c contract is attached to a value, the value is checked against the tester, if tester is a predicate. After that, contract checking is disabled for the value, if with is #f. If with is #t contract checking for the value remains enabled for c.

If waive-option is applied to a value guarded by an option/c contract, then waive-option returns the value after removing the option/c guard. If exercise-option is applied to a value guarded by an option/c contract, then exercise-option returns the value with contract checking enabled for c. If the invariant argument is a predicate, then exercise-option returns the value with contract checking enabled for (invariant/c c invariant #:immutable immutable #:flat? flat? #:struct struct-id).

The arguments flat? and immutable should be provided only if invariant is a predicate. In any other case, the result is a contract error.

Examples:

> (module server0 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide
     (contract-out
      [vec (option/c (vectorof number?))]))
    (define vec (vector 1 2 3 4)))
> (require 'server0)
> (vector-set! vec 1 'foo)
> (vector-ref vec 1)

'foo

> (module server1 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide
     (contract-out
      [vec (option/c (vectorof number?) #:with-contract #t)]))
    (define vec (vector 1 2 3 4)))
> (require 'server1)
> (vector-set! vec 1 'foo)

vec: contract violation

  expected: number?

  given: 'foo

  in: an element of

      the option of

      (option/c

       (vectorof number?)

       #:with-contract

       #t)

  contract from: server1

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:6.0

> (module server2 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide
     (contract-out
      [vec (option/c (vectorof number?) #:tester sorted?)]))
    (define vec (vector 1 42 3 4))
    (define (sorted? vec)
      (for/and ([el vec]
                [cel (vector-drop vec 1)])
               (<= el cel))))
> (require 'server2)

vec: broke its contract;

 

  in: option contract tester #<procedure:sorted?> of

      (option/c

       (vectorof number?)

       #:tester

       #<procedure:sorted?>)

  contract from: server2

  blaming: server2

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:9.0

procedure

(exercise-option x) → any/c

  x : any/c
Returns x with contract checking enabled if an option/c guards x. In any other case it returns x. The result of exercise-option loses the guard related to option/c, if it has one to begin with, and thus its contract checking status cannot change further.

Examples:

> (module server3 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide (contract-out [foo (option/c (-> number? symbol?))]))
    (define foo (λ (x) x)))
> (require 'server3 unstable/options)
(define e-foo (exercise-option foo))
> (foo 42)

42

> (e-foo 'wrong)

foo: contract violation

  expected: number?

  given: 'wrong

  in: the 1st argument of

      the option of

      (option/c (-> number? symbol?))

  contract from: server3

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:11.0

> ((exercise-option e-foo) 'wrong)

foo: contract violation

  expected: number?

  given: 'wrong

  in: the 1st argument of

      the option of

      (option/c (-> number? symbol?))

  contract from: server3

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:11.0

value

transfer/c : contract?

A contract that accepts any value. If the value is guarded with an option/c contract, transfer/c modifies the blame information for the option/c contract by adding the providing module and its client to the positive and negative blame parties respectively. If the value is not a value guarded with an option/c contract, then transfer/c is equivalent to any/c.

Examples:

> (module server4 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide (contract-out [foo (option/c (-> number? symbol?))]))
    (define foo (λ (x) x)))
> (module middleman racket
    (require unstable/options 'server4)
    (provide (contract-out [foo transfer/c])))
> (require 'middleman unstable/options)
(define e-foo (exercise-option foo))
> (e-foo 1)

foo: broke its contract

  promised: symbol?

  produced: 1

  in: the range of

      the option of

      (option/c (-> number? symbol?))

  contract from: server4

  blaming multiple parties:

  middleman

  server4

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:17.0

> (module server5 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide (contract-out [boo transfer/c]))
    (define (boo x) x))
> (require 'server5)
> (boo 42)

42

procedure

(waive-option x) → any/c

  x : any/c
If an option/c guards x, then waive-option returns x without the option/c guard. In any other case it returns x. The result of waive-option loses the guard related to option/c, if it had one to begin with, and thus its contract checking status cannot change further.

Examples:

> (module server6 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide (contract-out [bar (option/c (-> number? symbol?))]))
    (define bar (λ (x) x)))
> (require 'server6 unstable/options)
(define e-bar (waive-option bar))
> (e-bar 'wrong)

'wrong

> ((waive-option e-bar) 'wrong)

'wrong

procedure

(tweak-option x) → any/c

  x : any/c
If an option/c guards x and contract checking for x is enabled, then tweak-option returns x with contract checking for x disabled. If an option/c guards x and contract checking for x is disabled, then tweak-option returns x with contract checking for x enabled. In any other case it returns x. The result of tweak-option retains the guard related to option/c if it has one to begin with and thus its contract checking status can change further using tweak-option, exercise-option or waive-option.

Examples:

> (module server7 racket
    (require unstable/options)
    (provide (contract-out [bar (option/c (-> number? symbol?))]))
    (define bar (λ (x) x)))
> (require 'server7 unstable/options)
(define t-bar (tweak-option bar))
> (t-bar 'wrong)

bar: contract violation

  expected: number?

  given: 'wrong

  in: the 1st argument of

      the option of

      (option/c (-> number? symbol?))

  contract from: server7

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:30.0

> ((tweak-option t-bar) 'wrong)

'wrong

> ((waive-option t-bar) 'wrong)

'wrong

> ((exercise-option t-bar) 'wrong)

bar: contract violation

  expected: number?

  given: 'wrong

  in: the 1st argument of

      the option of

      (option/c (-> number? symbol?))

  contract from: server7

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:30.0

procedure

(has-option? v) → boolean?

  v : any/c
Returns #t if v has an option contract.

procedure

(has-option-with-contract? v) → boolean?

  v : any/c
Returns #t if v has an option contract with contract checking enabled.

procedure

(invariant/c c    
  invariant    
  [#:immutable immutable    
  #:flat? flat?    
  #:struct struct-id]) → contract?
  c : contract?
  invariant : (-> any boolean?)
  immutable : (or/c #t #f 'dont-care) = 'dont-care
  flat? : boolean? = #f
  struct-id : (or/c identifier? 'none) = 'none
Returns a contract that recognizes vectors or hashes or instances of struct struct-id. The data structure must match c and satisfy the invariant argument.

If the flat? argument is #t, then the resulting contract is a flat contract, and the c arguments must also be flat contracts. Such flat contracts will be unsound if applied to a mutable data structure, as they will not check future operations on the vector.

If the immutable argument is #t and the c arguments are flat contracts, the result will be a flat contract. If the c arguments are chaperone contracts, then the result will be a chaperone contract.

Examples:

> (module server8 racket
     (require unstable/options)
     (provide
       change
       (contract-out
        [vec (invariant/c
              any/c
              sorted?)]))
    (define vec (vector 1 2 3 4 5))
    (define (change) (vector-set! vec 2 42))
    (define (sorted? vec)
      (for/and ([el vec]
                [cel (vector-drop vec 1)])
        (<= el cel))))
> (require 'server8)
> (vector-set! vec 2 42)

vec: contract violation

  expected vector that satisfies #<procedure:sorted?> given:

'#(1 2 42 4 5)

  in: (invariant/c any/c #<procedure:sorted?>)

  contract from: server8

  blaming: top-level

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:37.0

> (change)
> (vector-ref vec 2)

vec: broke its contract

  expected vector that satisfies #<procedure:sorted?> given:

'#(1 2 42 4 5)

  in: (invariant/c any/c #<procedure:sorted?>)

  contract from: server8

  blaming: server8

   (assuming the contract is correct)

  at: eval:37.0

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